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@@ -1,33 +1,35 @@
#+title: MagicNG
#&summary
The Next Generation Programming Language
#&
#+license: bysa
#&toc
---
abstract: The Next Generation Programming Language
---
* Chapter 1: The Future of Yesterday
# MagicNG
/Software./
*From 2012.*
/Magic./
# Chapter 1: The Future of Yesterday
*Software.*
*Magic.*
Two seemingly unrelated words. Yet together they form the essentials of the new
programming language which has already changed how computers and humans interact
with each other: *MagicNG* (short for Magic: The Next Generation).
*MagicNG* is not your common programming language; it is not biased towards one
**MagicNG** is not your common programming language; it is not biased towards one
or two paradigms, in fact it uses none of the existing ways of programming:
+ Functional programming is, naturally, much too functional for any magic-based
programming language, as magic is not /functional/, but
/magical/. Magic-based software does not require functionality as in something
being able to do something else, because it depends on magic which /does/
stuff instead of making sure that /stuff/ can be done; this makes using a
programming language, as magic is not *functional*, but
*magical*. Magic-based software does not require functionality as in something
being able to do something else, because it depends on magic which *does*
stuff instead of making sure that *stuff* can be done; this makes using a
computer much faster.
+ Object-oriented programming does not fit very well with the ideas behind
*MagicNG* either. While the magic-oriented approach /is/ able to properly
**MagicNG** either. While the magic-oriented approach *is* able to properly
emulate object-oriented ways of doing things, such emulations will often
require {CMU&abbr='Central Magical Unit'}-expensive conversions from spell
require CMU-expensive ('Central Magical Unit') conversions from spell
scrolls to object-based representations.
+ Procedural programming conflicts with the nature of magic; since in the case
of magic, advanced heuristics are used run a program, the simple approach of
@@ -40,14 +42,14 @@ with each other: *MagicNG* (short for Magic: The Next Generation).
programming languages do, however, still base their entire existence on
deduction and knowledge, both of which are infinitely long below the
standards of magical programming languages. Deduction and knowledge are for
programming languages that do not /see/ how everything works, whose authors
programming languages that do not *see* how everything works, whose authors
do not understand the connectionabilities of everything.
In short, *MagicNG* employs the *magical programming* paradigm because it is
In short, **MagicNG** employs the *magical programming* paradigm because it is
superior to non-magical approaches.
** But how do I program in it?
## But how do I program in it?
The reader should now be comfortable thinking about programming in terms of
magic and be able to see what a big mistake it was to learn all those outdated,
@@ -60,12 +62,12 @@ applications of magical programming, to pique the reader's curiosity.
1. First, there is the temporal improvement. Since magic is independent of the
flow of time, a program can be run not just everywhere, but
every{/when/}. This is the sole reason MagicNG is already so popular ---
every*when*. This is the sole reason MagicNG is already so popular ---
someone spread its use many years ago, through several temporal-offset
MagicNG runs.
2. Speed. The Central Magical Unit runs programs magically many times faster
than any CPU in existence. This is possible due both to the previously
explained effects of magic in programming /and/ what we will come to refer
explained effects of magic in programming *and* what we will come to refer
as "magic downleveling" in later chapters (since magic cannot be optimized,
other approaches such as the downleveling approach have been developed).
3. Code maintenance also becomes much easier, as you will see in the examples
@@ -74,16 +76,16 @@ applications of magical programming, to pique the reader's curiosity.
Now, to our first example. We wish to print to a computer console (on a magical
computer) the magical string "Hello, world!". This is often accomplished in
anything from 1 to 100 conventional lines in conventional programming
languages; in MagicNG, it is not /that/ simple. It's another kind of simple,
namely the /magic simple/ way, from now on referred to as the /magple/ way.
languages; in MagicNG, it is not *that* simple. It's another kind of simple,
namely the *magic simple* way, from now on referred to as the *magple* way.
To write the magple MagicNG code for this example, we first fire up our MagicNG
interactive interpreter:
#+BEGIN_SRC text
```
MagicNG vX
?
#+END_SRC
```
(MagicNG is not being developed because it relies on magic for updates, hence
the 'X' version.)
@@ -95,19 +97,19 @@ computer and then print afterwards.)
The =?= at the prompt means we can type something. Let us try typing the
following:
#+BEGIN_SRC text
```
? one frog eye
#+END_SRC
```
What this tells the MagicNG interpreter is that if /it is not the case/ that no
What this tells the MagicNG interpreter is that if *it is not the case* that no
frog eyes exist in the programmer's vicinity, it will print "Hello,
world!". The frog-eye detection is only a formality, included in MagicNG to
make the proofs of magical truth be magically true, and so the sentence can be
excluded if the programmer wishes so. That is, you could write
#+BEGIN_SRC text
```
t
#+END_SRC
```
which is short for "one frog eye", and it would have the same effects.
@@ -126,13 +128,13 @@ Now, it may not be obvious to the casual non-magician why and how both "one
frog eye" and "t" eventually prints "Hello, world!". In fact, these two
expressions are not at all the only ways to print "Hello, world!" --- one can
also write "traveller with seven legs", "spider queen", or something
similar. The thing to remember is that it is /the intention/ that counts. If
you /feel/ that the expression "bonsai of Norway" prints the sum of all
prime numbers below 4012, then /that is what it does/.
similar. The thing to remember is that it is *the intention* that counts. If
you *feel* that the expression "bonsai of Norway" prints the sum of all
prime numbers below 4012, then *that is what it does*.
In essence, MagicNG is an *intention-based programming language*. This might at
first sound like all other programming languages: You have an intention on
which you base your programming. The difference here is that the intention /is/
which you base your programming. The difference here is that the intention *is*
the programming and not just part of it. Once you have figured out what you
want and written it down in your inner language, magic takes care of the boring
stuff.
@@ -153,10 +155,10 @@ is compiled along with your program. With MagicIS, a compiled program that
prints "My name is Niels" might look like this (imagine it compiled on a
scroll):
#+BEGIN_SRC text
```
Holy oak of honey
,si:pmnin34_=UUe
#+END_SRC
```
where the =,si:= part denotes the start of the serialized intention.
@@ -165,7 +167,7 @@ command-line option. Note that it will need to be connected to your brain with
a special magical interface to work.
* Chapter 2: Real World Examples
# Chapter 2: Real World Examples
"This is all very nice," you might think, "but what is it any good for?"
@@ -173,51 +175,51 @@ MagicNG can be used for everything a typical, non-magical language can be used
for, the major differences being that MagicNG is per definition faster, better
and easier to program in. This has been magically proven.
** cat
## cat
Consider the UNIX =cat= program. If written in C (even if you look at the Plan
9 version), there are many lines of source code. If written in Python 3, there
are 2 lines:
#+BEGIN_SRC python3
```
for line in open(filename):
print(line)
#+END_SRC
```
If written in MagicNG, there is _one_ line (/and/ it is magical):
If written in MagicNG, there is _one_ line (*and* it is magical):
#+BEGIN_SRC text
```
cauldron of candy
#+END_SRC
```
(without MagicIS enabled.)
** Finding a value when a key is known
## Finding a value when a key is known
In a non-magical programming language, you could use a hash map. Or you could
sort the elements by their keys and use binary search. Or you could look
through every element one by one.
In MagicNG, no such algorithms are used; /magic/ finds the value. In fact, this
In MagicNG, no such algorithms are used; *magic* finds the value. In fact, this
reveals a large, fascinating and unavoidable part of MagicNG: it does not
support algorithms.
"No algorithms? But how, then, can I program?" you think. The answer is simple,
and it has been explained before, but to stress it one last time: /magic/.
and it has been explained before, but to stress it one last time: *magic*.
This leads us to another important part of MagicNG: its use of the *black box
model*. The /black box model/ has been revered all over the known universe for
model*. The *black box model* has been revered all over the known universe for
its unchangeability (it is absolute), unworsenability (since you cannot change
it, you cannot make it worse), high surprise factor ("who knew my program could
do /that/?!"), and lack of meaningful error messages (no errors, no worries).
do *that*?!"), and lack of meaningful error messages (no errors, no worries).
** Calculating the sum of a list of numbers
## Calculating the sum of a list of numbers
In C:
#+BEGIN_SRC c
```
int sum(int xs[], int xs_len) {
int fin_sum = 0;
int i;
@@ -230,22 +232,22 @@ int sum(int xs[], int xs_len) {
[...]
sum({1, 3, -2, 9}, 4);
#+END_SRC
```
In Python:
#+BEGIN_SRC python3
```
sum([1, 3, -2, 9])
#+END_SRC
```
In MagicNG:
#+BEGIN_SRC text
```
head of Macbeth
#+END_SRC
```
** A flight simulator
## A flight simulator
Up until now, we have only looked at MagicNG programs spanning single
lines. One can create a very powerful MagicNG program in one line, but
@@ -255,26 +257,26 @@ As a flight operator, you may wish to have a very durable and efficient 3D
flight simulator; in MagicNG such a system can be written concisely in just
three lines of magical code (four lines with MagicIS enabled).
#+BEGIN_SRC text
```
dragon claw polished with golden mead
mead in cauldron
tastebuds of 23 pigs
,si:3=)uUUn!2aa
#+END_SRC
```
(Notice the indentation and the explicit number.)
/[Chapters 3 through 88 have been excluded in this preview. Only members of
the Magically Magical Magic Community (MMMC) have access to these chapters.]/
*[Chapters 3 through 88 have been excluded in this preview. Only members of
the Magically Magical Magic Community (MMMC) have access to these chapters.]*
* Chapter 89: How to Learn More
# Chapter 89: How to Learn More
To recap: MagicNG is an easy language to learn, since not only does it not
require the user to learn about algorithms, data structures and related wastes
of time, but actually discourages that; MagicNG encourages its users to /not
think/ which /reduces errors/.
of time, but actually discourages that; MagicNG encourages its users to *not
think* which *reduces errors*.
To expand your knowledge of MagicNG, both in theory and practice, do not look
at the examples of other MagicNG programmers, unless you are *absolutely sure*
@@ -287,4 +289,3 @@ actually a very complex language).
What you should do is lean back in a comfy chair and look into nothingness and
not strain your mind. That way, everything you need to know will come to you
eventually. That's how this book was written.